Indoor air is air within a building such as your home, classroom, office, shopping center, hospital or gym. In lowincome countries such as nepal, indoor air pollution iap, generated by the indoor burning of biomass fuels, is the topfourth risk factor driving overall morbidity and mortality. Definitions and classifications used in the study of air pollution are introduced. Indoor air pollution it refers to the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of air inside home, office, an institution or centre. Each of these types has its own distinctive causes and consequences. Acute effects, however, may also include non respiratory signs and symptoms, which may.
They will be indoor air pollution monitoring instruments. Unlike outdoor air pollution, the effect of indoor air pollution is health related and less of an environmental issue. Particulate matter generated from burning wood, coal or other solid fuels causes health consequences such as strokes, pneumonia, lung cancer and heart disease 2. We present the first assessment of geographic and socioeconomic determinants of the markers of iap specifically fuel types, cooking practices, and indoor smoking in a nationallyrepresentative sample of. Indoor air pollution indoor air is air within a building such as your home, classroom, office, shopping center, hospital or gym. As we spend much time in our homes, it is important that the air is as clean as possible. This activity demonstrates how visible and invisible pollutants can spread through the. Pdf indoor air pollution control download ebook for free. The most common and harmful pollutants outdoors include. Emissions from combustion of solid fuels for cooking and heating causes indoor pollution, as well as outdoor.
Indoor air pollution has occurred since prehistoric times when people moved to live indoors and fire was brought into closed shelters for cooking and space heating 1. Indoor pollutants and sources indoor air quality iaq. Air pollution can come from a variety of sources including natural sources and manufactured sources. Different types of pollution are categorized based on the part of the environment which they affect or result which the particular pollution causes. For environmental health science students air pollution mengesha admassu, mamo wubeshet university of gondar in collaboration with the ethiopia public health training initiative, the carter center, the ethiopia ministry of health, and the ethiopia ministry of education august 2006. Indoor air pollution poses many challenges to the health professional. Indoor air pollution is when pollutants contaminate air indoors and is a very dangerous problem, claiming more than 2 million lives each year. These exposures cause andor exacerbate respiratory diseases and diseases in other organ systems. Some indoor pollutants, such as carbon monoxide, can be fatal. Pollutants can cause a wide range of shortterm and longterm health problems. Summary air pollution, particularly in urban areas, constitutes a public health concern, as it has a harmful effect on the health, survival and activities of humans and other living organisms. Most research into and control of indoor air pollution worldwide has focused on. As well, mechanical devices, such as fans, are able to move air around when they are being used.
Pdf indoor air pollution is ubiquitous, and takes many forms, ranging from smoke emitted from solid fuel combustion, especially in households. Sources and health impacts pollutants from natural sources pollutant major sources in the home possible health impacts radon colorless, tasteless, and odorless gas that comes from the radioactive decay of uranium or radium. The burning of such fuels, particularly in poor households, results in air pollution that leads to respiratory diseases which can result in premature death. Environmental protection agency sets and enforces air quality standards only for ambient air.
A limitation of almost all studies has been the lack of meas urement of pollution or exposure. Exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollutants may increase an individuals risk for morbidity and mortality from a variety of different conditions in multiple organ systems. Common indoor air pollutants university of kentucky. Many effects may also be associated, independently or in combination with, stress, work pressures, and seasonal discomforts. Assessment and control of indoor air pollution, pp. Indoor air pollution can come from sources outside the home, such as emissions from transport or smoke from neighbouring wood heaters, and from sources within homes. The most effective approach to solving these problems is usually to remove or reduce the sources of indoor pollution. Jun 05, 2015 identify possible sources of indoor air pollution.
Volatile organic compounds vocs contact us to ask a question, provide feedback, or report a problem. Those pollutants may be gases or particulate matter and can come from a variety of sources. Gas stoves or badly installed woodburning units with. We say indoor air pollution if indoor air is contaminated by smoke, chemicals, smells or particles. Causes of air pollution from the built environment world. An air pollutant is known as a substance in the air that can cause harm to humans and the environment. Environmental protection agency, office of air and radiation. Some of the sources and potential health effects of indoor air pollutants. We say indoor air pollution if indoor air is contaminated by smoke, chemicals, smells or particles unlike outdoor air pollution. It is caused by chemical reactions between pollutants derived from different sources, primarily automobile exhaust and industrial emissions. An introduction to air pollution definitions, classifications, and history. Here, the main types of air pollution commonly found in urban environments are pre.
Various types of pollution air, water, soil, noise etc. Published by the arab school for science and technology asst. Just like outdoor air pollution, indoor air pollution can pose a risk to health. Control of indoor air pollution one of the principal means for controlling quality is by dilution fresh outdoor air mixed via a ventilating airconditioning system and windows that can be opened. When natural ventilation, such as open windows and opened doors, lets air in and out, it will affect interior air pollution levels, as well as indoor temperature. Air pollution may also cause sensory irritation and decrease wellbeing. Strategy for sampling chemical substances in indoor air. Indoor plants reduce all types of urban air pollution310 90% of which comes from fossil fuel combustion. Indoor air pollution can pose a serious health threat. The first step to keeping your home and family safe is learning more about the problem. For some types of iap, our understanding of human health risk is well defined. Presented early in the book is theory as support for the applications that follow. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext.
Indoor air pollution by formaldehyde in european countries. For most indoor air pollutants, however, the risk assessment process has its. Indoor air pollution is caused by burning solid fuel sources such as firewood, crop waste, and dung for cooking and heating. Indoor air pollution indoor air quality indoor air quality is influenced by. Ventilation also helps remove indoor air pollutants, but not as effectively as source reduction. Pdf on may 6, 2015, farid loghmani and others published an overview of the types of indoor air pollutants and their effects on human health find, read and. Air pollution is the release of air pollutants into the atmosphere. Indoor air pollution is one of the worlds largest environmental problems particularly for the poorest in the world who often do not have access to clean fuels for cooking the. Dec, 20 learn about air pollution and indoor air quality in schools and how you can protect your children by improving the quality of school air. Download this is an all new book designed to provide you the practical information and data you need for indoor air pollution control. Epa studies indicate that the levels of many air pollutants may be two to five times higher in indoor air than outdoor air. The weight of an air contaminant in a cubic meter of air 3mgm and the volume ratio ppm v, or just ppm are normally used. This module is bqased on the who module indoor air pollution.
The substances that are responsible for causing air pollution are called air pollution. The lung is the most common site of injury by airborne pollutants. Today, indoor air pollution caused by burning of traditional solid fuels such as woodfuel, agricultural residues, and dried animal dung in unvented cookstoves in rural areas of developing countries is not much different. Chapter 18 indoor air pollution from household use of. This booklet offers an overview of those challenges, focusing on acute conditions, with patterns that point to particular agents and suggestions for appropriate remedial action. Also introduced are a brief history of air pollution.
Top 15 causes of indoor air pollution and what you can do. Cities are often centers of these types of activities. Indoor air quality is influenced by concentrations of outdoor air pollutants, indoor sources of pollution, characteristics of the building and the habits of the residents. Indoor radon exposure, which is the secondleading cause of lung cancer, was rated the numberone environmental health risk. Benzene 15 general description 15 indoor sources 15 pathways of exposure 17 indoor concentrations 18 indooroutdoor. Today, indoor air pollution caused by burning of traditional solid fuels such as woodfuel, agricultural residues, and dried animal dung in unvented cookstoves in rural areas of. An air pollutant is known as a substance in the air that can cause harm to humans and the. Pdf an overview of the types of indoor air pollutants and their. Indoor air pollution is a concern from the developed countries, where energy efficiency improvements, sometimes make homes sterile, reducing ventilation and increases pollutants level. Indoor air pollution is a concern from the developed countries, where energy efficiency improvements, sometimes make homes. Natural sources include forest fires and volcanoes, while cars, trucks, trains, planes, boats, factories, and power plants contribute to air pollution through manufactured sources. Indoor air pollution may arise from the use of open fires, unsafe fuels or combustion of biomass fuels, coal and kerosene. Reducing indoor air pollution can reduce or eliminate health problems caused by breathing impure air activity 2 how indoor pollution spreads 1. Many types of indoor pollution problems are found in homes.
Cities are often centers of these types of activities, and many suffer from the effects of smog, especially during the warm months of the year. This article will help by covering 7 common indoor air pollutants. In addition to lung cancer, indoor air pollution can cause other respiratory conditions, such as bronchitis, pneumonia and emphysema 1. These pollutants can cause serious health problems, which is why its critical that homeowners understand them and take necessary precautions to avoid them. Developing indoor air quality guidelines 2 setting indoor air quality guidelines 4 preparation of the guidelines 7 combined exposures 9 use of the indoor air quality guidelines in protecting public health 11 references 1. Indoor and outdoor air pollution pulmonology advisor. Read more join the force and stay updated on opportunities to take action.
Singh and others published air pollution types, sources and abatement find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Categorized study of pollution helps to understand the basics in more detail and produce protocols for the specific types. Guideline for the characterization of volatile organic compounds emitted from indoor materials and products using small test chambers. In the short term, exposure to high concentrations of indoor air pollution can cause eye irritation, headaches, nose and. Place a fan in the front of the room and turn it on. Yet, biological contaminants are one of eight types of indoor air pollutants phoenix homeowners deal with every day. Various types of aircleaning systems reduce potential pollutants such as particles, vapors, and gases. Pdf causes, consequences and control of air pollution. Outdoor pollution smog is a type of largescale outdoor pollution. Outdoor air pollution indoor air pollution also affects outdoor air nigel bruceitdg indoor smoke polluting the ambient air in a small village in nepal. In some cases, indoor air pollutants may even be 100 times higher than outdoors.
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